Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Mycoplasma hominis Causes DNA Damage and Cell Death in Primary Human Keratinocytes

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10101962

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mycoplasma hominis infection alters the growth and colony formation of primary human keratinocytes (PHKs) even at low inoculum concentrations. ( A ) Quantification of viable PHKs after 72 h of infection with M. hominis at different concentrations. Approximately 8000 PHKs/well were present at the time of infection. * Represents a statistically significant difference between the infection and control groups (one-tailed Mann–Whitney test, significance level of 95%, (*) p ≥ 0.05, (**) p ≥ 0.01, and (***) p ≥ 0.001). ( B ) PHK growth curves after M. hominis infection. Plating was performed with approximately 2.3 × 10 3 to 3.7 × 10 3 cells. After 12–24 h, M. hominis infection was induced at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.04–0.6. After 24, 48, 72, 96, 120,144, and 168 h of infection, the cells were trypsinised and counted using a haemocytometer. The assays were performed in triplicate. The points on the curves represent the average number of cells obtained with the respective standard deviations. From 48 h of M. hominis infection, a statistically significant difference was observed in the infection group compared with that in the control group (two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test, significance level of 95%). ( C ) The clonogenic assay performed with PHKs after M. hominis infection. The number of PHKs initially plated was approximately 1000. The MOI for M. hominis was 4.44. Left: photograph of the petri dishes in one of the tests. The colonies were stained with crystal violet and counted using the Promega Colony Counter (Promega). Right: reduction in the colony formation percentage after 15 days of infection. One-tailed Mann–Whitney test, significance level of 95%.

Article Snippet: The strain M. hominis (ATCC 23114-PG-21) was obtained from the ICB/USP Mycoplasma laboratory and grown in 100 mL of SP4 medium [ ] until the mid-log phase.

Techniques: Infection, Control, One-tailed Test, MANN-WHITNEY, Clonogenic Assay, Staining

Journal:

Article Title: Comparison of Multiplex PCR Assay with Culture for Detection of Genital Mycoplasmas

doi: 10.1128/JCM.42.4.1528-1533.2004

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nucleotide sequences of primers and probes used

Article Snippet: The following organisms were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC): Ureaplasma urealyticum (ATCC 27618), M. genitalium (ATCC 33530), M. hominis (ATCC 23114), M. arthritidis (ATCC 14152), M. salivarium (ATCC 14277), M. fermentans (ATCC 15474), M. ovale (ATCC 23714D), M. penetrans (ATCC 55252), Acholeplasma oculi (ATCC 27350) Chlamydia trachomatis (ATCC VR-902B), Chlamydia pneumoniae (ATCC VR-1310), Candida albicans (ATCC 14000), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Gardnerella vaginalis (ATCC A2508), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (ATCC 49981), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 27336), Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC 27336), Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 19615), and Haemophilus influenzae (ATCC 9006).

Techniques: Sequencing, Multiplex Assay

Journal:

Article Title: Comparison of Multiplex PCR Assay with Culture for Detection of Genital Mycoplasmas

doi: 10.1128/JCM.42.4.1528-1533.2004

Figure Lengend Snippet: Performance of multiplex PCR in mixed specimens. Amplification of DNA from 100 CFU of U. urealyticum, M. hominis, and M. genitalium, either individually or in combination, was carried out. The results are shown on a ethidium bromide-stained agarose gel, and the OD490 was determined by ELOSA.

Article Snippet: The following organisms were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC): Ureaplasma urealyticum (ATCC 27618), M. genitalium (ATCC 33530), M. hominis (ATCC 23114), M. arthritidis (ATCC 14152), M. salivarium (ATCC 14277), M. fermentans (ATCC 15474), M. ovale (ATCC 23714D), M. penetrans (ATCC 55252), Acholeplasma oculi (ATCC 27350) Chlamydia trachomatis (ATCC VR-902B), Chlamydia pneumoniae (ATCC VR-1310), Candida albicans (ATCC 14000), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Gardnerella vaginalis (ATCC A2508), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (ATCC 49981), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 27336), Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC 27336), Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 19615), and Haemophilus influenzae (ATCC 9006).

Techniques: Multiplex Assay, Amplification, Staining, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: In Vitro Activities of Gepotidacin (GSK2140944) and Other Antimicrobial Agents against Human Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas

doi: 10.1128/AAC.01064-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antimicrobial-resistant isolates of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species

Article Snippet: However, since gepotidacin MICs for the other species that were resistant to macrolides or fluoroquinolones were comparable to those obtained for susceptible isolates, it seems reasonable to expect that this drug should maintain activity in vitro against strains of M. genitalium demonstrating similar resistance mechanisms. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Isolate or antimicrobial agent MIC data (μg/ml) Range MIC 50 MIC 90 M. genitalium ( n = 10) Gepotidacin 0.032–0.063 0.032 0.032 Levofloxacin 0.5–2 1 1 Moxifloxacin 0.063–0.125 0.125 0.125 Azithromycin ≤0.001 ≤0.001 ≤0.001 Tetracycline 0.125–4 0.5 0.5 M. hominis ( n = 25) b Gepotidacin 0.5–2 1 2 Levofloxacin 0.125–32 0.25 0.5 Moxifloxacin 0.032–8 0.063 0.125 Clindamycin 0.016–0.125 0.063 0.25 Tetracycline 0.032–16 0.125 2 M. pneumoniae ( n = 25) c Gepotidacin 0.032–0.125 0.063 0.125 Levofloxacin 0.5–1 0.5 1 Moxifloxacin 0.063–0.25 0.125 0.125 Azithromycin ≤0.001–32 ≤0.001 32 Tetracycline 0.25–0.5 0.5 0.5 Ureaplasma species ( n = 25) d Gepotidacin 1–8 4 8 Levofloxacin 0.5–32 2 8 Moxifloxacin 0.25–8 0.5 4 Azithromycin 0.5–>32 2 8 Tetracycline 0.016–8 0.5 1 Open in a separate window a Gepotidacin MICs for ATCC reference strains were as follows: M. genitalium ATCC 33530 = 0.032 μg/ml, M. hominis ATCC 23114 = μg/ml, M. pneumoniae ATCC 29342 = 0.125 μg/ml, and U. urealyticum ATCC 33175 = 4 μg/ml. b Includes 2 tetracycline-resistant and 1 fluoroquinolone-resistant organisms. c Includes 5 macrolide-resistant organisms. d Includes 1 tetracycline-resistant, 1 macrolide-resistant, 5 fluoroquinolone-resistant, 1 macrolide- and tetracycline-resistant, and 1 macrolide- and fluoroquinolone-resistant organisms.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: In Vitro Activities of Gepotidacin (GSK2140944) and Other Antimicrobial Agents against Human Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas

doi: 10.1128/AAC.01064-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: MIC summary for gepotidacin and comparator agents a

Article Snippet: However, since gepotidacin MICs for the other species that were resistant to macrolides or fluoroquinolones were comparable to those obtained for susceptible isolates, it seems reasonable to expect that this drug should maintain activity in vitro against strains of M. genitalium demonstrating similar resistance mechanisms. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Isolate or antimicrobial agent MIC data (μg/ml) Range MIC 50 MIC 90 M. genitalium ( n = 10) Gepotidacin 0.032–0.063 0.032 0.032 Levofloxacin 0.5–2 1 1 Moxifloxacin 0.063–0.125 0.125 0.125 Azithromycin ≤0.001 ≤0.001 ≤0.001 Tetracycline 0.125–4 0.5 0.5 M. hominis ( n = 25) b Gepotidacin 0.5–2 1 2 Levofloxacin 0.125–32 0.25 0.5 Moxifloxacin 0.032–8 0.063 0.125 Clindamycin 0.016–0.125 0.063 0.25 Tetracycline 0.032–16 0.125 2 M. pneumoniae ( n = 25) c Gepotidacin 0.032–0.125 0.063 0.125 Levofloxacin 0.5–1 0.5 1 Moxifloxacin 0.063–0.25 0.125 0.125 Azithromycin ≤0.001–32 ≤0.001 32 Tetracycline 0.25–0.5 0.5 0.5 Ureaplasma species ( n = 25) d Gepotidacin 1–8 4 8 Levofloxacin 0.5–32 2 8 Moxifloxacin 0.25–8 0.5 4 Azithromycin 0.5–>32 2 8 Tetracycline 0.016–8 0.5 1 Open in a separate window a Gepotidacin MICs for ATCC reference strains were as follows: M. genitalium ATCC 33530 = 0.032 μg/ml, M. hominis ATCC 23114 = μg/ml, M. pneumoniae ATCC 29342 = 0.125 μg/ml, and U. urealyticum ATCC 33175 = 4 μg/ml. b Includes 2 tetracycline-resistant and 1 fluoroquinolone-resistant organisms. c Includes 5 macrolide-resistant organisms. d Includes 1 tetracycline-resistant, 1 macrolide-resistant, 5 fluoroquinolone-resistant, 1 macrolide- and tetracycline-resistant, and 1 macrolide- and fluoroquinolone-resistant organisms.

Techniques:

Journal: BioMed Research International

Article Title: Potential of Maintaining a Healthy Vaginal Environment by Two Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Cocoa Fermentation

doi: 10.1155/2018/7571954

Figure Lengend Snippet: Interactions between vaginal cells and Mollicutes lipoproteins in the presence and/or absence of lactobacilli isolated from cocoa fermentation.

Article Snippet: M. hominis (ATCC 23114) and M. genitalium (ATCC 33530) were grown in 1 L of SP-4 medium.

Techniques: Isolation

Journal: BioMed Research International

Article Title: Potential of Maintaining a Healthy Vaginal Environment by Two Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Cocoa Fermentation

doi: 10.1155/2018/7571954

Figure Lengend Snippet: Death of HMVII cells after 24 h of incubation with Lactobacillus strains or membrane-associated lipoproteins (LAMP) from U. parvum (UpLAMP), U. urealyticum (UuLAMP), M. hominis (MhLAMP), or M. genitalium (MgLAMP). Different letters indicate significant differences (p <0.01).

Article Snippet: M. hominis (ATCC 23114) and M. genitalium (ATCC 33530) were grown in 1 L of SP-4 medium.

Techniques: Incubation, Membrane

Journal: BioMed Research International

Article Title: Potential of Maintaining a Healthy Vaginal Environment by Two Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Cocoa Fermentation

doi: 10.1155/2018/7571954

Figure Lengend Snippet: Death of HMVII cells after 24 h of incubation with LAMP from M. hominis (MhLAMP) or M. genitalium (MgLAMP) with and without L. plantarum PA3 or L. fermentum FA4. ∗p <0.01 compared to cells with LAMP alone.

Article Snippet: M. hominis (ATCC 23114) and M. genitalium (ATCC 33530) were grown in 1 L of SP-4 medium.

Techniques: Incubation

Journal: BioMed Research International

Article Title: Potential of Maintaining a Healthy Vaginal Environment by Two Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Cocoa Fermentation

doi: 10.1155/2018/7571954

Figure Lengend Snippet: Interaction of HMVII cells with 4 μ g/mL M. genitalium lipoproteins with and without L. fermentum FA4 or L. plantarum PA3. (a) Control (HMVII cell alone). (b) HMVII with MgLAMP. (c) HMVII with MgLAMP and L. fermentum FA4. (d) HMVII with MgLAMP and L. plantarum PA3. Green arrows indicate intact HMVII cells, red arrows indicate HMVII cells with altered morphology, and yellow arrows indicate lactobacilli adhered to whole cells (scanning electron microscopy ×2500).

Article Snippet: M. hominis (ATCC 23114) and M. genitalium (ATCC 33530) were grown in 1 L of SP-4 medium.

Techniques: Control, Electron Microscopy